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Cookies is enabled by default, the setting is "Allow from Current Websites Only or "Allow from Websites I visitVisit".
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(Apple actually doesn't seem to document this)
How to change your cookie block settings
Block cookies
To set whether Safari blocks cookies in iOS 8 or later, tap Settings > Safari > Block Cookies and choose one of the following: Always Block, Allow from Current Websites Only, Allow from Websites I Visit, or Always Allow. In iOS 7 or earlier, choose Never, From third parties and advertisers, or Always.
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